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- NATION, Page 53Leave It to Cleaver
-
-
- Bush and Congress take the easy way out in budget cutting
-
- By Richard Hornik
-
-
- Sequestration is the last resort of national politicians
- unwilling to cut government spending in much the same way that
- patriotism is called the last refuge of scoundrels. The obscure
- word, which looks like a refugee from a crossword puzzle, means
- seizure, and that is what happened last week. President Bush
- directed all federal agencies to meet the
- budget-deficit-reduction targets specified by the
- Gramm-Rudman-Hollings law by imposing $16.1 billion in
- across-the-board spending cuts. Worthy domestic-spending
- programs such as subsidized housing were cut the same 5.3% as
- pork-barrel projects like the Agricultural Extension Service.
- Under sequestration, the Defense Department faces a 4.3% chop,
- with important items like military readiness facing the same
- reduction as questionable projects like the Stealth bomber.
-
- For fiscal 1990, the law required Congress to produce a
- budget with a deficit of less than $110 billion. Despite the
- Administration's optimistic forecasts of continued strong
- economic growth and lower interest rates plus some fiscal
- legerdemain, congressional efforts fell $6.1 billion short.
-
- The battle for fiscal discipline quickly degenerated into
- a familiar attempt to shift the blame for failure -- not only
- between parties and branches of Government but also onto the
- Gramm-Rudman procedure itself.
-
- Trouble started in the spring, when congressional leaders
- and the Bush Administration began putting together a deal. The
- President's goal was to keep his read-my-lips campaign promise
- of "no new taxes." Congressional leaders wanted to appear to
- meet deficit-reduction targets without cutting any politically
- popular spending programs. Budget director Richard Darman came
- up with a solution that was simple -- too simple. A cut in the
- capital-gains tax would at least temporarily raise money to
- cover the revenue shortfall. Many Democrats at first supported
- the plan that looked like all gain, no pain.
-
- Around Labor Day, however, the consensus that Darman had
- put together began to fall apart. "Everything was going along
- swimmingly," explains an Administration official, "until the
- drug plan came out of nowhere, and then capital gains became
- partisan instead of the easy way out." The battle against drugs
- meant new spending, and Democrats began attacking a
- capital-gains cut as a Republican tax goody for the rich and
- famous.
-
- House Speaker Thomas Foley privately proposed dropping the
- hundreds of extraneous spending programs -- and the
- capital-gains cut -- from the budget-busting bill. But Darman
- turned down the offer, thinking he could get the kind of
- trimmed-down budget he preferred as well as the capital-gains
- cut. When it became clear the Administration would be charged
- with favoring capital gains over budget cutting, Darman
- relented. But by then it was too late to stop sequestration from
- taking effect.
-
- In fact, when it comes to economic policy, the
- Administration appears to care little about deficit reduction.
- The White House seems to care only about keeping Bush's
- no-new-taxes pledge. Administration officials like to point to
- Darman's optimistic economic assumptions and deficit predictions
- as well as the relatively good business climate. Bush has not
- uttered a word about the budget deficit in weeks.
-
- Since it has produced a meat-cleaver approach to budget
- cutting, the Gramm-Rudman mechanism has itself become a target.
- Senator Ernest Hollings, one of the authors of the legislation,
- announced last week that he was ready for a "divorce" from the
- act. During Senate hearings on reforming the budget process,
- Budget Committee chairman Jim Sasser of Tennessee said,
- "Gramm-Rudman is teetering on the verge of becoming more a part
- of the problem than a part of the solution." Sasser says the law
- has the Government keeping two sets of books: one devised to
- meet Gramm-Rudman, "which is a useful fiction to give the
- illusion of progress," and another that shows the real deficit.
- The real deficit for fiscal 1990 will not be $110 billion but
- more like $230 billion. Fancy bookkeeping like a $65 billion
- loan from the Social Security trust fund to the Treasury keeps
- the total down.
-
- At least one original sponsor still defends his offspring.
- Says Texas Republican Senator Phil Gramm: "It's bashing time
- for Gramm-Rudman, but our biggest critics are those who weren't
- for it to begin with. Without the law, our federal deficit would
- have been larger than it is."
-
- A mechanistic approach like Gramm-Rudman is not the real
- solution to the budget deficit. Says Speaker Foley: "No amount
- of tinkering with the legislative process can substitute for a
- commitment to get spending under control. Some people look to
- procedural changes to get us out of our current mess. Will is
- what's required." There are no shortcuts on the road back to
- fiscal responsibility and economic health.
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-